@article {6835, title = {Computational linguistic assessment of textbooks and online texts by means of threshold concepts in economics}, journal = {Frontiers in Education}, volume = {5}, year = {2021}, pages = {Article 578475}, abstract = {

The ongoing digitalization of educational resources and the use of the internet lead to a steady increase of potentially available learning media. However, many of the media which are used for educational purposes have not been designed specifically for teaching and learning. Usually, linguistic criteria of readability and comprehensibility as well as content-related criteria are used independently to assess and compare the quality of educational media. This also holds true for educational media used in economics. This article aims to improve the analysis of textual learning media used in economic education by drawing on threshold concepts. Threshold concepts are key terms in knowledge acquisition within a domain. From a linguistic perspective, however, threshold concepts are instances of specialized vocabularies, exhibiting particular linguistic features. In three kinds of (German) resources, namely in textbooks, in newspapers, and on Wikipedia, we investigate the distributive profiles of 63 threshold concepts identified in economics education (which have been collected from threshold concept research). We looked at the threshold concepts\’ frequency distribution, their compound distribution, and their
network structure within the three kinds of resources. The two main findings of our
analysis show that firstly, the three kinds of resources can indeed be distinguished in
terms of their threshold concepts\’ profiles. Secondly, Wikipedia definitely shows stronger associative connections between economic threshold concepts than the other sources. We discuss the findings in relation to adequate media use for teaching and learning\—not only in economic education.

}, doi = {10.3389/feduc.2020.578475}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2020.578475/}, author = {L{\"u}cking, Andy and Br{\"u}ckner, Sebastian and Abrami, Giuseppe and Uslu, Tolga and Mehler, Alexander} } @inproceedings {7354, title = {Characterizing the response space of questions: a corpus study for English and polish}, year = {2019}, pages = {320{\textendash}330}, author = {Jonathan Ginzburg and Zulipiye Yusupujiang and Li, Chuyuan and Ren, Kexin and Pawe{\l} {\L} Upkowski} } @booklet {nivre:hal-01930733, title = {Universal Dependencies 2.2}, year = {2018}, note = {LINDAT/CLARIN digital library at the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics ({\'U}FAL), Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01930733}, author = {Nivre, Joakim and Abrams, Mitchell and Agi{\'c}, {\v Z}eljko and Ahrenberg, Lars and Antonsen, Lene and Aranzabe, Maria Jesus and Arutie, Gashaw and Asahara, Masayuki and Ateyah, Luma and Attia, Mohammed and Atutxa, Aitziber and Augustinus, Liesbeth and Badmaeva, Elena and Ballesteros, Miguel and Banerjee, Esha and Bank, Sebastian and Verginica Barbu Mititelu and Bauer, John and Bellato, Sandra and Bengoetxea, Kepa and Bhat, Riyaz Ahmad and Biagetti, Erica and Bick, Eckhard and Blokland, Rogier and Bobicev, Victoria and B{\"o}rstell, Carl and Bosco, Cristina and Bouma, Gosse and Bowman, Sam and Boyd, Adriane and Burchardt, Aljoscha and Marie Candito and Caron, Bernard and Caron, Gauthier and Cebiro{\u g}lu Eryi{\u g}it, G{\"u}l{\c s}en and Celano, Giuseppe G. A. and Cetin, Savas and Chalub, Fabricio and Jinho Choi and Cho, Yongseok and Chun, Jayeol and Cinkov{\'a}, Silvie and Collomb, Aur{\'e}lie and {\c C}{\"o}ltekin, {\c C}a{\u g}r{\i} and Connor, Miriam and Courtin, Marine and Davidson, Elizabeth and Marneffe, Marie-Catherine de and Paiva, Valeria de and Ilarraza, Arantza Diaz de and Dickerson, Carly and Dirix, Peter and Dobrovoljc, Kaja and Dozat, Timothy and Droganova, Kira and Dwivedi, Puneet and Eli, Marhaba and Elkahky, Ali and Ephrem, Binyam and Erjavec, Toma{\v z} and Etienne, Aline and Farkas, Rich{\'a}rd and Fernandez Alcalde, Hector and Foster, Jennifer and Freitas, Cl{\'a}udia and Gajdo{\v s}ov{\'a}, Katar{\'\i}na and Galbraith, Daniel and Garcia, Marcos and G{\"a}rdenfors, Moa and Gerdes, Kim and Ginter, Filip and Goenaga, Iakes and Koldo Gojenola and G{\"o}k{\i}rmak, Memduh and Goldberg, Yoav and G{\'o}mez Guinovart, Xavier and Gonz{\'a}les Saavedra, Berta and Grioni, Matias and Gr\=uz\=itis, Normunds and Guillaume, Bruno and Guillot-Barbance, C{\'e}line and Habash, Nizar and Haji{\v c}, Jan and Haji{\v c} jr., Jan and H{\`a} Mỹ, Linh and Han, Na-Rae and Harris, Kim and Haug, Dag and Hladk{\'a}, Barbora and Hlav{\'a}{\v c}ov{\'a}, Jaroslava and Hociung, Florinel and Hohle, Petter and Hwang, Jena and Ion, Radu and Irimia, Elena and Jel{\'\i}nek, Tom{\'a}{\v s} and Johannsen, Anders and J{\o}rgensen, Fredrik and Ka{\c s}{\i}kara, H{\"u}ner and Kahane, Sylvain and Kanayama, Hiroshi and Kanerva, Jenna and Kayadelen, Tolga and Kettnerov{\'a}, V{\'a}clava and Kirchner, Jesse and Kotsyba, Natalia and Krek, Simon and Kwak, Sookyoung and Laippala, Veronika and Lambertino, Lorenzo and Lando, Tatiana and Larasati, Septina Dian and Lavrentiev, Alexei and Lee, John and L{\^e} Hồng, Phương and Lenci, Alessandro and Lertpradit, Saran and Leung, Herman and Li, Cheuk Ying and Li, Josie and Li, Keying and Lim, KyungTae and Ljube{\v s}i{\'c}, Nikola and Loginova, Olga and Lyashevskaya, Olga and Lynn, Teresa and Macketanz, Vivien and Makazhanov, Aibek and Mandl, Michael and Christopher Manning and Manurung, Ruli and M{\u a}r{\u a}nduc, C{\u a}t{\u a}lina and Mare{\v c}ek, David and Marheinecke, Katrin and Martinez Alonso, Hector and Martins, Andr{\'e} and Ma{\v s}ek, Jan and Matsumoto, Yuji and McDonald, Ryan and Mendon{\c c}a, Gustavo and Miekka, Niko and Missil{\"a}, Anna and Mititelu, C{\u a}t{\u a}lin and Miyao, Yusuke and Montemagni, Simonetta and More, Amir and Moreno Romero, Laura and Mori, Shinsuke and Mortensen, Bjartur and Moskalevskyi, Bohdan and Muischnek, Kadri and Murawaki, Yugo and M{\"u}{\"u}risep, Kaili and Nainwani, Pinkey and Navarro Hor{\~n}iacek, Juan Ignacio and Nedoluzhko, Anna and Ne{\v s}pore-B\=erzkalne, Gunta and Nguyễn Thị, Lương and Nguyễn Thị Minh, Huyền and Nikolaev, Vitaly and Nitisaroj, Rattima and Nurmi, Hanna and Ojala, Stina and Ol{\'u}{\`o}kun, Ad{\'e}dayọ̀ and Omura, Mai and Petya Osenova and {\"O}stling, Robert and {\O}vrelid, Lilja and Partanen, Niko and Pascual, Elena and Passarotti, Marco and Agnieszka Patejuk and Peng, Siyao and Perez, Cenel-Augusto and Perrier, Guy and Petrov, Slav and Piitulainen, Jussi and Pitler, Emily and Plank, Barbara and Poibeau, Thierry and Popel, Martin and Pretkalnina, Lauma and Sophie Pr{\'e}vost and Prokopidis, Prokopis and Adam Przepi{\'o}rkowski and Puolakainen, Tiina and Pyysalo, Sampo and R{\"a}{\"a}bis, Andriela and Rademaker, Alexandre and Ramasamy, Loganathan and Rama, Taraka and Carlos Ramisch and Ravishankar, Vinit and Real, Livy and Reddy, Siva and Rehm, Georg and Rie{\ss}ler, Michael and Rinaldi, Larissa and Rituma, Laura and Rocha, Luisa and Romanenko, Mykhailo and Rosa, Rudolf and Rovati, Davide and Rosca, Valentin and Rudina, Olga and Sadde, Shoval and Saleh, Shadi and Samard{\v z}i{\'c}, Tanja and Samson, Stephanie and Sanguinetti, Manuela and Saul\=ite, Baiba and Sawanakunanon, Yanin and Schneider, Nathan and Schuster, Sebastian and Seddah, Djam{\'e} and Seeker, Wolfgang and Seraji, Mojgan and Shen, Mo and Shimada, Atsuko and Shohibussirri, Muh and Sichinava, Dmitry and Silveira, Natalia and Simi, Maria and Simionescu, Radu and Simk{\'o}, Katalin and {\v S}imkov{\'a}, M{\'a}ria and Simov, Kiril and Smith, Aaron and Soares-Bastos, Isabela and Stella, Antonio and Straka, Milan and Jana Strnadov{\'a} and Suhr, Alane and Sulubacak, Umut and Sz{\'a}nt{\'o}, Zsolt and Taji, Dima and Takahashi, Yuta and Tanaka, Takaaki and Tellier, Isabelle and Trosterud, Trond and Trukhina, Anna and Tsarfaty, Reut and Tyers, Francis and Uematsu, Sumire and Ure{\v s}ov{\'a}, Zde{\v n}ka and Larraitz Uria and Uszkoreit, Hans and Vajjala, Sowmya and Niekerk, Daniel van and Noord, Gertjan van and Varga, Viktor and Veronika Vincze and Wallin, Lars and Washington, Jonathan North and Williams, Seyi and Wir{\'e}n, Mats and Woldemariam, Tsegay and Wong, Tak-sum and Yan, Chunxiao and Yavrumyan, Marat M. and Yu, Zhuoran and {\v Z}abokrtsk{\'y}, Zden{\v e}k and Zeldes, Amir and Zeman, Daniel and Zhang, Manying and Zhu, Hanzhi} } @article {7364, title = {Query responses}, journal = {Journal of Language Modelling}, volume = {4}, year = {2017}, pages = {245{\textendash}292}, abstract = {

In this article we consider the phenomenon of answering a query with a query. Although such answers are common, no large scale, corpus-based characterization exists, with the exception of clarification requests. After briefly reviewing different theoretical approaches on this subject, we present a corpus study of query responses in the British National Corpus and develop a taxonomy for query responses. We point at a variety of response categories that have not been formalized in previous dialogue work, particularly those relevant to adversarial interaction. We show that different response categories have significantly different rates of subsequent answer provision. We provide a formal analysis of the response categories in the framework of KoS.

}, author = {Pawe{\l} {\L}upkowski and Jonathan Ginzburg} } @booklet {nivre:hal-01682188, title = {Universal Dependencies 2.1}, year = {2017}, note = {LINDAT/CLARIN digital library at the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics ({\'U}FAL), Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University - Corpus - Project code: 15-10472S; Project name: Morphologically and Syntactically Annotated Corpora of Many Languages}, keywords = {dependency, harmonized annotation, Morphology, stanford dependencies, syntax, treebank, universal tagset}, url = {https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01682188}, author = {Nivre, Joakim and Agi{\'c}, {\v Z}eljko and Ahrenberg, Lars and Antonsen, Lene and Aranzabe, Maria Jesus and Asahara, Masayuki and Ateyah, Luma and Attia, Mohammed and Atutxa, Aitziber and Augustinus, Liesbeth and Badmaeva, Elena and Ballesteros, Miguel and Banerjee, Esha and Bank, Sebastian and Verginica Barbu Mititelu and Bauer, John and Bengoetxea, Kepa and Bhat, Riyaz Ahmad and Bick, Eckhard and Bobicev, Victoria and B{\"o}rstell, Carl and Bosco, Cristina and Bouma, Gosse and Bowman, Sam and Burchardt, Aljoscha and Marie Candito and Caron, Gauthier and Cebiro{\u g}lu Eryi{\u g}it, G{\"u}l{\c s}en and Celano, Giuseppe G. A. and Cetin, Savas and Chalub, Fabricio and Jinho Choi and Cinkov{\'a}, Silvie and {\c C}{\"o}ltekin, {\c C}a{\u g}r{\i} and Connor, Miriam and Davidson, Elizabeth and Marneffe, Marie-Catherine de and Paiva, Valeria de and Ilarraza, Arantza Diaz de and Dirix, Peter and Dobrovoljc, Kaja and Dozat, Timothy and Droganova, Kira and Dwivedi, Puneet and Eli, Marhaba and Elkahky, Ali and Erjavec, Toma{\v z} and Farkas, Rich{\'a}rd and Fernandez Alcalde, Hector and Foster, Jennifer and Freitas, Cl{\'a}udia and Gajdo{\v s}ov{\'a}, Katar{\'\i}na and Galbraith, Daniel and Garcia, Marcos and G{\"a}rdenfors, Moa and Gerdes, Kim and Ginter, Filip and Goenaga, Iakes and Koldo Gojenola and G{\"o}k{\i}rmak, Memduh and Goldberg, Yoav and G{\'o}mez Guinovart, Xavier and Gonz{\'a}les Saavedra, Berta and Grioni, Matias and Gr\=uz\=itis, Normunds and Guillaume, Bruno and Habash, Nizar and Haji{\v c}, Jan and Haji{\v c} jr., Jan and H{\`a} Mỹ, Linh and Harris, Kim and Haug, Dag and Hladk{\'a}, Barbora and Hlav{\'a}{\v c}ov{\'a}, Jaroslava and Hociung, Florinel and Hohle, Petter and Ion, Radu and Irimia, Elena and Jel{\'\i}nek, Tom{\'a}{\v s} and Johannsen, Anders and J{\o}rgensen, Fredrik and Ka{\c s}{\i}kara, H{\"u}ner and Kanayama, Hiroshi and Kanerva, Jenna and Kayadelen, Tolga and Kettnerov{\'a}, V{\'a}clava and Kirchner, Jesse and Kotsyba, Natalia and Krek, Simon and Laippala, Veronika and Lambertino, Lorenzo and Lando, Tatiana and Lee, John and L{\^e} Hồng, Phương and Lenci, Alessandro and Lertpradit, Saran and Leung, Herman and Li, Cheuk Ying and Li, Josie and Li, Keying and Ljube{\v s}i{\'c}, Nikola and Loginova, Olga and Lyashevskaya, Olga and Lynn, Teresa and Macketanz, Vivien and Makazhanov, Aibek and Mandl, Michael and Christopher Manning and M{\u a}r{\u a}nduc, C{\u a}t{\u a}lina and Mare{\v c}ek, David and Marheinecke, Katrin and Martinez Alonso, Hector and Martins, Andr{\'e} and Ma{\v s}ek, Jan and Matsumoto, Yuji and McDonald, Ryan and Mendon{\c c}a, Gustavo and Miekka, Niko and Missil{\"a}, Anna and Mititelu, C{\u a}t{\u a}lin and Miyao, Yusuke and Montemagni, Simonetta and More, Amir and Moreno Romero, Laura and Mori, Shinsuke and Moskalevskyi, Bohdan and Muischnek, Kadri and M{\"u}{\"u}risep, Kaili and Nainwani, Pinkey and Nedoluzhko, Anna and Ne{\v s}pore-B\=erzkalne, Gunta and Nguyễn Thị, Lương and Nguyễn Thị Minh, Huyền and Nikolaev, Vitaly and Nurmi, Hanna and Ojala, Stina and Petya Osenova and {\"O}stling, Robert and {\O}vrelid, Lilja and Pascual, Elena and Passarotti, Marco and Perez, Cenel-Augusto and Perrier, Guy and Petrov, Slav and Piitulainen, Jussi and Pitler, Emily and Plank, Barbara and Popel, Martin and Pretkalnina, Lauma and Prokopidis, Prokopis and Puolakainen, Tiina and Pyysalo, Sampo and Rademaker, Alexandre and Ramasamy, Loganathan and Rama, Taraka and Ravishankar, Vinit and Real, Livy and Reddy, Siva and Rehm, Georg and Rinaldi, Larissa and Rituma, Laura and Romanenko, Mykhailo and Rosa, Rudolf and Rovati, Davide and Sagot, Beno{\^\i}t and Saleh, Shadi and Samard{\v z}i{\'c}, Tanja and Sanguinetti, Manuela and Saul\=ite, Baiba and Schuster, Sebastian and Seddah, Djam{\'e} and Seeker, Wolfgang and Seraji, Mojgan and Shen, Mo and Shimada, Atsuko and Sichinava, Dmitry and Silveira, Natalia and Simi, Maria and Simionescu, Radu and Simk{\'o}, Katalin and {\v S}imkov{\'a}, M{\'a}ria and Simov, Kiril and Smith, Aaron and Stella, Antonio and Straka, Milan and Jana Strnadov{\'a} and Suhr, Alane and Sulubacak, Umut and Sz{\'a}nt{\'o}, Zsolt and Taji, Dima and Tanaka, Takaaki and Trosterud, Trond and Trukhina, Anna and Tsarfaty, Reut and Tyers, Francis and Uematsu, Sumire and Ure{\v s}ov{\'a}, Zde{\v n}ka and Larraitz Uria and Uszkoreit, Hans and Vajjala, Sowmya and Niekerk, Daniel van and Noord, Gertjan van and Varga, Viktor and {\'E}ric Villemonte De La Clergerie and Veronika Vincze and Wallin, Lars and Washington, Jonathan North and Wir{\'e}n, Mats and Wong, Tak-sum and Yu, Zhuoran and {\v Z}abokrtsk{\'y}, Zden{\v e}k and Zeldes, Amir and Zeman, Daniel and Zhu, Hanzhi} }