@article {6475,
	title = {Empathy influences how listeners interpret intonation and meaning when words are ambiguous},
	journal = {Memory and Cognition},
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.3758/s13421-019-00990-w},
	author = {Nuria Gibert Esteve and Shafer, Amy and Barbara Hemforth and Cristel Portes and Pozniak, Celine and D{\textquoteright}Imperio, Mariapaola}
}
@inproceedings {4717,
	title = {Intonation in the processing of contrast meaning in French: An eye-tracking study},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	abstract = {<p>Listeners rapidly process tonal composition and pitch accent placement within an utterance to create expectations about its pragmatic meaning and information structure. It is still unknown whether the nuclear pitch accent alone or a combination of pitch accent and the following edge tone are needed in order to process intonational meaning in French. This study investigates the online comprehension of the French (L)H*L\% rise-fall \&ldquo;implication\&rdquo; contour, which evokes a contrast meaning. Twenty-nine speakers participated in an eye-tracking experiment. The critical stimuli were sentences whose interpretation could be anticipated by successfully processing the implied meaning evoked by the (L)H*L\% rise-fall contour on the critical word (hereafter CW). The results showed that participants are able to associate the implication contour with a contrast meaning, and that they start doing this only after the H* peak of the rise-fall intonation movement has been processed, hence when part of the L\% falling movement has been perceived.</p>
},
	url = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5tX0NnTCf-ISDZVUDZUUWpReWs/view},
	author = {Esteve-Gibert, Nuria and Cristel Portes and Shafer, Amy and Barbara Hemforth and D{\textquoteright}Imperio, Mariapaola}
}
@conference {4727,
	title = {The role of individual empathic skills on the online processing of intonational meaning},
	year = {2016},
	month = {09/2016},
	abstract = {<p>The pragmatic meaning evoked by intonation is known to be processed online by listeners, but less is understood about which part of the contour triggers the meaning interpretation and how individual pragmatic abilities impact intonational processing. Here we investigate the role of empathy skills on the stability and timing of the intonation-meaning association, focusing on a French tune signaling contrast between the interlocutors? beliefs. Twenty-nine French speakers participated in a visual-world eye-tracking task in which a temporary lexical ambiguity could be resolved through intonation. Results showed, first, that low-empathy participants selected one (ultimately incorrect) interpretation during the pre-nuclear region of the contour (?=1.013, p\&lt;.05), but participants with higher empathy did not (instead being less stable and considering both possible intonation-meaning associations) (?=-0.413, p=.42). Even when participants perceived clear disambiguating lexical cues, highly-empathic participants showed less strong intonation-meaning associations than less-empathic ones (?=-1.141, p\&lt;.05 vs. ?=-1.441, p\&lt;.001, respectively). Second, both groups used the nuclear pitch accent to start assigning the contrast meaning to the intonation contour, although they waited for the complete unfolding of the tune to interpret the contrast intonation. We propose that individual pragmatic variability needs to be taken into account when studying the processing of intonational meaning.</p>
},
	author = {Esteve-Gibert, Nuria and Cristel Portes and Shafer, Amy and Barbara Hemforth and D{\textquoteright}Imperio, Mariapaola}
}
